Women and Poverty in Canada Essay - 2497 Words

Poverty is a significant threat to women’s equality. In Canada, more women live in poverty than men, and women’s experience of poverty can be harsher, and more prolonged. Women are often left to bear more burden of poverty, leading to ‘Feminization of poverty’. Through government policy women inequality has resulted in more women and children being left in poverty with no means of escaping. This paper will identify some key aspects of poverty for Canadian women. First, by identifying what poverty entails for Canadian women, and who is more likely to feel the brunt of it. Secondly the discussion of why women become more susceptible to poverty through government policy and programs. Followed by the effects that poverty on women plays in†¦show more content†¦the defination of ‘feminism of poverty’ refers to situations of increasing poverty for women and the fact that more women are living in poverty than men, basically poor people are dis portionately women (Townson, 2000). a.) Who are the poor? According to the National Council of Welfare, The majority of those who rely on social assistance in Canada tend to be women, children and people with disabilities, it is noted that government policy focus on getting them into the paid workforce without adequate supports such as childcare, housing, and money for basic expenses, these policies are considered to be unrealistic and create much misery for the Canadians that are forced to live under these policies (Women, 2007). According to Census 2000, the average annual pre-tax income of women from all sources including government transfers was $22,885 or 62% that of what men receive. In Canada, female lone parent families have by far the lowest average total incomes among families. Although women continue to be among the poorest of the poor in Canada, they make up a disproportionate share of the population with low income 2.4 million women in 2001 compared to 1.9 million men (Work, 2004). Women targeted for poverty Background In 2006, social and health programs within Canada were reduced by about 6 billion or 30% by the second year of the implementation of Canada Health and Social Transfer (CHST), which lead to a fiscalShow MoreRelatedWomen Poverty in Canada1652 Words   |  7 Pagesmagazine show off their trademark, healthy kids, happy families (Parents Magazine, p.1 June 2011). These messages are helpful from young to old. Encouraging bonding and finding simple things that suit and family. This is important for a client who is in poverty and would like to find ways to have fun with her children. In contrast to this magazine portraying to promote healthy kids and happy families (Parents Magazine, pg. 1. June 2011). There are contradicting messages found in all three magazinesRead MoreWomen, Ageism, and Poverty in Canada2779 Words   |  12 Pages November 19, 2011 Women, Ageism and Poverty in Canada Women have benefitted greatly from the efforts of Feminism. The three waves of feminism have given women the vote, control over their bodies, freedom of choice, the right to pursue higher education, empowerment, the ability to identify areas of inequality, the right to attain male dominated jobs and the right to expect equal pay for work of equal value. Women have fought hard to obtain the tools to rise above the glass ceiling. For all thatRead MorePoverty in Canada Essay1492 Words   |  6 PagesPoverty in Canada Sociology 1000: Writing Assignment 11/26/2012 Cassandra Vincent How can there be so many people in poverty? It is all around us even though Canada has made the G20 Richest Nations; they still have one of the highest poverty rates for in the industrialized world. Through reading many articles such as Ann Duffy and Nancy Mandell’s â€Å"Poverty in Canada†, others that I have found online, and my own personal experience I have learned the numerous reasons why so many people inRead MoreMissing Women891 Words   |  4 Pageshuge number of missing women in Canada, and an extremely large number of these women are Aboriginal. Why do Aboriginal women seem more vulnerable? The majority of these missing Aboriginal women were living on the streets, living in poverty and working in the sex trade industry before their disappearances. Why were all of these women in the same situation? I believe that the Conflict Theory explains the hardships, the abuse and the discrimination that each of these women faced before they wentRead MorePoverty Dilem mas that Canadians are Facing Today1483 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract In this paper, it will be arguing how Canada hasn’t begun to fix the poverty situation that many Canadians deal with in a daily bases. Structural Functionalism Theory, Conflict Theory and the Feminist Perspective are going to be used in for this argument in this paper. This will give reader a better understanding and depth of the country’s Poverty issues that are currently taken place. It describes a brief history of poverty to today’s current issues in our communities, and what are someRead MorePoverty vs. Low Birth Weights1042 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract There exist some evidence that poverty can result in low birth weight in newborn infants. On Prince Edward Island, low birth weights are currently the lowest as compared to the national average according to Statistics Canada. However, the link that exist between poverty and low birth weights leaves unanswered questions as to what can be done to reduce these low birth weights in newborn infants. The effect of Poverty on Low Birth Weight in Newborns Receiving good prenatal care isRead MoreMurders And Death Of Indigenous Women933 Words   |  4 Pagesthere has always been discrimination against these groups since they are seen at the bottom of the social class scale. This was the first time in Canadian history where a certain social group were marginalized; the white people who first settled in Canada looked at indigenous people and didn’t believe that they belonged to there society. However, in todays society we have laws that prevent decriminalization, but that does not resolve the problem since many indigenous people are constantly being murderedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Child Poverty Capital Of Canada Article By Laurie Monsebraanten1728 Words   |  7 PagesToronto holds onto it s shameful title: Child poverty capital of Canada, article written by Laurie Monsebraanten, social justice reporter was published on October 13th,2015. According to the article in 2011, $16,456 Measures for the low income of a singl e person and for a two parent family with two children under the age of 16 the measures of low income was $39,912. This article talks about Toronto having the highest percentage of poverty within the youth community followed by Montreal that is 25%Read More Has Work Become More Insecure and Unequal in Canada? Essay1635 Words   |  7 Pagesinequality leads to insecurity or vice versa; where negative experiences, continuing over extended periods in the market, lead to another group of negative experiences for the groups in question. Starting with a broad perspective on income inequality in Canada, we can see the difference between the top 10% of earners and the rest of the population. The majority of economic growth went to the richest 10%. The top 1% acquired 12.2% of all incomes. All Canadian families, save for the top 10%, were workingRead MorePromoting Gender Equality and Empowering Women969 Words   |  4 Pagescooties, besides that I had always thought of them as equals. As I grew out of that young and venerable age, I slowly started to realize that even in first world countries, women were being oppressed. They weren’t seen as equals, simply because of their gender, not because of experience or knowledge, just because they are women. If it took me that long to find out how sexist, a developed country is how long will it take everyone. It is common knowledge, that life is better, but it is not common

Psychological Approaches Behaviorism, Cognitive And...

1.1 Analysis of three psychological approaches; behaviourism, cognitive and humanistic. Three psychological approaches will be discussed in this essay, it will analyse the strengths and limitations of each the humanistic, cognitive and the humanistic approach. This essay will consider the contributions made to therapies in the modern life; evaluate how valid the methodology is using case studies to back up these theories and how they contribute to each other to becoming an approach. The behaviourist psychologists emphasise the role of the environment and how this can affect the behaviour of a person. â€Å"Give me a dozen healthy infants, well formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I’ll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select- doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant chief and yes even a beggar man and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations and race of his ancestors† John Watson (Watson, 1930, pg 82). Watson believed that ‘scientific study of psychology is to benefit social welfare, as we can predict and control human behaviour and therefore, change how society behaves’ (Schacter et el, 2012: 19). This then brings a certain methodology, as it can be repeated a number of times with the same outcomes. Behaviourist psychologists believe that humans and animals learn from a stimulus and a response. The response being either negative or positive will determine if we willShow MoreRelatedSnapshot1702 Words   |  7 Pagesin particular on resolving unconscious conflict, mental distress and psychopathology. Freuds theories became very well-known, largely because they tackled subjects such as sexuality, repression, and the unconscious mind as general aspects of psychological development. These were largely considered taboo subjects at the time, and Freud provided a catalyst for them to be openly discussed in polite society. While Freud is perhaps best known for his tripartite model of the mind, consisting of the idRead MorePsychology1731 Words   |  7 Pagesexperiment. The first laboratory was established in Germany, the center of study. Functionalism- Functional psychology  or  functionalism  refers to a general psychological philosophy that considers mental life and behavior in terms of active adaptation to the person s environment.  As such, it provides the general basis for developing psychological theories not readily testable by controlled experiments and for applied psychology. Functionalism arose in the U.S. in the late 19th century as an alternativeRead MoreThe Field of Psychology840 Words   |  3 Pagesdiscipline of social science that encompasses nearly every aspect of the human experience. The field of psychology addresses the entire gamut of human behavior and the complexities of emotion. Issues related to perception and cognition are included in psychological research. Neurobiology and neurophysiology also fall under the rubric of psychology. At the same time, psychology embraces less quantifiable variables in the human experience, such as emotional responses and altered states of consciousness. BecauseRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Psychology Is Defined As The Scientific Study Of The Human Mind And Behavior1281 Words   |  6 Pagessoul and spirit. The Pythagoras, Hippocrates, Socrates, Plato and Aristotle were some of the most influential philosophers of their time. However, due to the uncertainty of truth in these theories, they ended up being the foundations relating to psychological thought. However, throughout the 17th century, the advancement of psychology has exceeded into its own discipline along with the establishment of the six schools of thought. Before psychology had been established as a separate discipline, it firstRead MoreApplying Learning Theory Of Life1507 Words   |  7 Pagesyou can create a briefing which includes multiple styles and appeals to everyone. I believe the best approach given the intro on each person in the group would be the humanism approach. This approach is the study of the whole person concept and what makes us who we are as individuals. Behaviorism: Behaviorism is the belief that behavior is observable that can be objectively measured. This approach deals with the belief that behavior is a result of some sort of stimulus and the environment in whichRead MoreApproaches Of Psychology And Psychology1465 Words   |  6 Pages Approaches of psychology essay Fray Brittany Mr. Perez Psych Pd.7 11 Sept. 2015 Word Count: 1,449 Psychology is a very complex thing to understand to make it easier it is split up. There are different ways to interpret the big picture in psychology it makes senses for people to do so. There are five approaches to psychology and they are Cognitive, Behavioral, Biological, Humanistic, and Psychodynamic. All of these approaches are different from one another but can sometimes be used together toRead MoreConsumer Buying Behavior1597 Words   |  7 Pagespeople with whom the consumer is in contact with by one way or the other and have affect on the consumers buying behavior. These social factors can arise from culture, subculture, family and roles, reference groups and social class. Psychological Factors Psychological factors are an important part of the decision process. These are inherent to an individual and usually generate forces which affect his buying behavior. These forces include perception, motives, attitudes, learning and personalityRead MoreEssay about psychology1075 Words   |  5 Pagespsychology, Behavioral, psychodynamic, humanistic, physiological, evolutionary, cognitive, and cultural and diversity. I will only be looking at three of these perspectives still in common use today here is a summary of each. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The behavioral perspective quot;focuses on the observable behaviors; thus it does not speculate about mental processes such as thinking.quot; (Davis and Palladino, 2005).Unlike the other approaches, the behavioral perspective accentuatesRead MorePsychology : Human Mind And Its Functions1749 Words   |  7 Pagesdifference to one another. For example, the cognitive approach to behaviorism refers to the human behavior, and the primary focus is how humans think, and how thought processes impact on the way we behave. Psychology, as a thorough analysis on the human mind, strives to investigate and interpret the way of our minds, how they are influenced and why certain things (for example the environment) affect our thought processes in different situations. Behaviorism is mainly concerned with the side of behaviorRead MoreThe History of Psychology2719 Words   |  11 Pagestimes, with ancient philosophers began to record their findings and thoughts about behavior and the nature of the human mind. The name ‘psychology is from the two Greek roots, psyche and logos, which mean mind and study, respectively. Psychological thought was most influenced by three very well known ancient philosophers, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Socrates maxim was know thyself, which was an idea that accentuated the importance of personal reflection and self-examination. He believed

Language Instinctive Or Learned Essay Example For Students

Language: Instinctive Or Learned? Essay Language: Instinctive or Learned?Over the course of time the topic of language has been a catalyst for many discussions and debates as to if it is learned throughout one’s life, or is it a hard copy instinct the one is born with. Many scientists and writers in the humanities field have their own opinions as to what they believe about language and its plight in human society. One writer challenges many of our educators and scholars today by expressing his thoughts on the instinct to understand, learn, and speak language. In The Language Instinct: How the Mind Creates Language, Steven Pinker maintains that language is not something that we learn like the way we learn how to tell time or learn about the presidents. Rather, Pinker suggests that the essence of language is already with us when we are brought into the world. You see this when Pinker argues, â€Å"Instead, it is a distinct piece of the biological makeup of our brain†(4). He uses metaphors and similes to further qualify his arguments. Pinker compares the idea that people know how to talk in the same sense that spiders know how to spin webs. The activity or practice of spinning webs was not invented by any one spider, but rather is an instinctive quality that spiders have much like humans and language. Pinker goes on to comment that a young child’s knowledge of language and grammar is more refined than any artificial language system used by any advanced technology computer aided programs. Pinker’s views that he establishe s about language are in accordance with other notable figures in the humanities field. A man by the name of Noam Chomsky has views that are representative of the point Pinker is trying to convey: language is a biological makeup of the brain. As a professor of linguistics at MIT, Chomsky imparted sound arguments as to the nature of language. Chomsky has suggested the fact that every sentence that a human speaks or comprehends is an original combination of words that has not been voiced before. Therefore, language is not a learned trait that has an extensive gamut of expressions, but rather the brain must contain a â€Å"hard drive† that can fabricate an unlimited set of sentences from a limited amount of words. He also strongly feels that children are inherently equipped with the ability to cull the syntactic patterns of speech from their parents. We can see this when a young infant begins to babble at the youngest of ages. This furthermore qualifies and represents Pinker†™s views on the idea that language is instinctive. On the other side of the coin, there are those educated people that have different views and opinions about language than Pinker suggests, most of these being elementary and secondary English and grammar teachers. It is their obligation to teach young children and adolescence the proper syntax structure, pronunciation, and spelling of words. So it is only the nature of their profession for these teachers to firmly believe that language, of course, is a learned capacity. Just the way they learn that 2+2=4 and George Washington was the first President of the United States. But Pinker is trying to convince the ignorant that these opinions are wrong and language is not math problem or a history fact that we learn, but a rather an instinctive knowledge. The different views and opinions of the nature language will be discussed for time to come. Can there be some duality to language? Can it be both instinctive and learned, or does it have to be one or the other? It will be interesting to se e if these questions can be answered. Maybe then will we see what is the origin of language. Personally, I still do not surely or firmly have a view or a belief to this topic, but I am leaning a certain way. So I leave you with a quote from Oscar Wilde that I read which also appears in Pinker’s book. Oscar Wilde comments, â€Å"Education is an admirable thing, but it is well to remember from time to time that nothing worth knowing can be taught.†English Essays

Organizational Communication free essay sample

In this paper, I would like to consider organizational communication and its components. As a matter of fact, organizational communication is a set of communications, built on the basis of communication, mediated by information about the organization, its goals and objectives. In turn, interpersonal communication is a verbal communication between people in one of the listed species. Interpersonal communication covers communication within the organization between  different levels and departments. Formal communication is communication, defined organizational structure, relationship management levels and functional departments. It is essential to note that the higher the level of management, the higher the probability of mispresentation of information, because each level of management can adjust and  filter original message. It can be said that the nature of interpersonal relations is significantly different from the nature of social relations, as well as their most important specific feature – the emotional basis. Therefore, interpersonal relationships can be considered as a factor in the psychological climate of the organization or a group. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Communication or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Emotional basis of interpersonal relationships means that they arise and develop on the basis of certain feelings that are born from people, who are in relation to each other. It should be noted that the communication process is a process of the exchange of information between two or more people. Its main goal is to ensure the transfer of information and understanding,  which is the subject of exchange. If mutual understanding is not achieved,  communication would not take place, which implies that both parties played an  active role in it. The communication process is a set of elements of this interaction. There are four basic elements of the communication process:  sender the person who generates the idea or collects information and  transmits it; message information directly;  channel a means of communication (oral transmission, meetings,  telephone calls, written assignment, memos, reports,  e-mail, computer networks, etc. ; recipient the addressee of the information and  a person, who interprets it, as stated in Fundamentals of Organizational Communication. Moreover, the communication process involves the exchange of information by following stages:  origin of ideas or information selection;  choice of communication channel;  message transmission;  interpretation of the message. Exchange of information begins with the formulation of ideas or the sele ction of information. The sender decides what significant idea or message should be exchanged. Its role is to design and to code the information and subsequent transfer it to other participants of the process. It is important to properly and carefully formulate the idea and make it more concretely, in order to make it interesting and attractive to the recipient. Unfortunately, very often many people break off the exchange of information in this stage, because the sender does not expend sufficient time to consider the idea of the message. Moreover, it is essential to note that informal, friendly or competitor’s relations can both inhibit the performance of the organization’s objectives and contribute to their faster implementation. As a fact, informal communication plays a critical role in crisis and conflict situations, because very often informal channels operate much faster than formal, and almost always the trust of communicants to the informal information is much higher than to the formal source. One of the main problems of communications within the organization is the problem of data quality, as well as its adequacy, timeliness and accuracy. It should be noted that both formal and informal communications are subject to certain general rules:   * Before establishing contact, both sides usually quite accurately define its purpose. Strong communication occurs in the case, when both parties do not try to get full results immediately. * Physical and psychological surroundings have great importance to effective communication, as well as the ability to quickly adapt to specific conditions. * Communications are more effective in the case of usage of non-verbal ways of communication (intonation, gestures, postur e, etc. ). * Valuable and useful information for the recipient, even in cases of fragmentary contacts, increases the effectiveness of communication. Feedback is essential to the quality and information content of the message as well as to the quality of communication. * Communication within the organization should be based on long-term interests and goals. This enhances the stability and flexibility of daily work. * The practice of active listening, which involves primarily the termination of your own speech, the benevolent attention of the interlocutor, the absence of the dispute and the foreign occupation during the interview has great importance in communications process, as described in Fundamentals of Organizational Communication. Communication should be clear, precise, giving the necessary information related to professional activities. It should create an atmosphere of trust; improve the socio-psychological climate in the team. Moreover, with the aim to create a positive image in the market the information should be promptly communicated to employees, which, consequently, will provide an opportunity to enhance the overall manageability of the company, increase its operational efficiency, staff motivation and operational activities in the market, as well as improve the socio-psychological climate within the team. Further I would like to consider leadership as one of the key elements of organizational communication. Interpersonal communication within the organization involves the relationships â€Å"manager – employee†, as well as all areas of life of individuals, groups, society and the state itself. In this case, those, who govern and those, who have been governed, are in interaction. That is why it is necessary to consider the nature of leadership, taking into account the interaction between people. Modern management is hard to imagine without individuals, an innovative approach to changing circumstances with the aim to achieve new and promising directions of development, i. e. management is hard to imagine without leaders. In modern management, leadership integrates interpersonal factors to guide them to achieve the goals of an organization. Consequently, management and leadership are not synonymous, but the ability to be a leader is a key condition to become a manager. The leader is a man who can make the employee his like-minded or follower. The formal relations are official and functional. In turn, the informal relations are psychological and emotional. It is widely known that senior management has a special place in the formal relations, while leadership is a phenomenon, generated by the system of informal relations. Moreover, the role and functions of a manager in the organization are pre-defined, and the role of a leader arises spontaneously without its formal definition and description. Also, it can be said that managers are appointed by senior management, receive relevant authority and have the right to apply sanctions, while the leader is pulled out from the number of people around him, with equal status and position. Thus, management is a social phenomenon in its essence, and leadership is a psychological phenomenon. To sum it up I would like to say that organizational communications is a complex of measures, which leads to the communication system being transparent, open and regular. Of course, it is extremely important to separate functions between the subjects of internal communications. For example, work in support of corporate web-sites, a corporate magazine and corporate events can carry PR departments and partly IT departments, work on the adaptation of new employees, maintaining efficiency of corporate culture and internal communication systems as a whole, keeping climate within the team and HR department with the active involvement of top management in this process. I believe that sooner or later every organization has to make a choice: further usage of â€Å"the old-fashioned† bureaucratic, heartless principles of operation or to make a â€Å"human factor† as the main axis of its activity. The second option requires full commitment from the person, the voltage of the intellect, a willingness to take risks, to take unconventional decisions and the ability to respond for the deeds. However, it is worth it – without any doubts the results of such work will surpass expectations.