Risk assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hazard evaluation - Essay Example One of the significant man-made debacles in the Northern shore in Staten Island is the boat to transport oil move exercises at St. George ship terminal. For example, on March 23, 2009, in excess of 3000 gallons of oil spilled into the sea in the activity (Checker, 2009). Spillage of oil imperiled the biological system in the zone as well as lives of individuals as waters and fish become defiled, notwithstanding destroying the delightful sea shores. The activity is a medium level hazard that doesn't happen normally, yet may have genuine repercussions. Another man-made peril in the zone is the numerous production lines that work close to local locations leaving hints of destructive and radioactive components. For example, On April 2 2009, the Environmental Protection Agency, EPA reported the disclosure of lead levels multiple times more than as far as possible on a site where the old Sedutto’s Ice Cream plant was found (Checker, 2009). This area is a couple of meters from privat e houses. Additionally, the direness around the same time declared to have found high and disturbing degrees of lead and arsenic close to the Veterans Park. Such materials do present incredible threat to the lives of individuals and might be a genuine inclining component of fatal ailments, for example, malignancy and other respiratory ailments. The Fresh Kill, perhaps the biggest landfill all inclusive postures medium to significant level hazard to the inhabitants of North Shore Staten Island. The site contains all types of perilous materials covered to make the landfill. On the off chance that the water from the landfill streams to the close to neighborhoods the harmful materials may be a high hazard. Considering the low-pay class of individuals living close to the landfills, sanitation in these local locations may not satisfy the necessary wellbeing guidelines, which is a high wellbeing hazard. In addition, a blend of industrial facilities and private condos in the Northern shore have a high hazard. Emanations from the manufacturing plant may

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Have you at any point pondered who imagined the advanced PCs we use today?Now, you would presumably say Microsoft or Apple; anyway in all actuality current PCs were created by Alan Turing. He created the Turing Machine, which is a PC that could procedure anything. As it were he made the primary programing language. In addition to the fact that he contributed to software engineering, yet in addition in science, science, material science, and particularly arithmetic. He has innumerable number of accomplishments including his commitment of figuring out the Nazi riddle code, which appeared around then, â€Å"unbreakable†. Presently gives jump access to the life of Alan. Presently where is smarter to begin than his initial life. Alan was naturally introduced to a rich family. He was conceived on the June of 25, 1912 in London, Maida Vale, Warrington Crescent, and Warrington Lodge. He was dedicated on july 7, 1912 at the St. Hero's congregation. Alan didn't live with his dad from the get-go in his life since his dad, Julius Turing worked for a common help in India. He worked for the Madras Presidency. There he met alan mother Ethel Stoney. Alan was the most youthful in his family. He has one more established sibling named John Turing. He his 4 years more established than Alan. Alan was an exceptionally inquisitive kid. He generally addressed how thing are finished. He was consistently not modest and prepared to welcome anybody. He additionally acted significantly increasingly develop for his age. He wanted to utilize enormous words as a youngster. Anyway he enjoyed the organization of figures. Exceptionally, he thought himself to peruse in 3 weeks by utilizing a fascinating strategy he hoodwinked called the â€Å"knowing spot†. He had an issue of not making sure to peruse the figures from left to right or tight clamp versa. Alan then utilized his left hand’s thumb as a marker for perusing the figures. He considered it the â€Å"knowing spot†. L... ...t a similar yard as his dad. He had a standard to eat an apple a night. He likewise wanted to recite the toxin apple preparing scene from snow white as a youngster. A few people misconstruing that the Apple Logo doesn't originate from this explanation ,however rather on the grounds that the nibble recognizes it from a cherry. Anyway Steve Jobs says, God, we wish it were Alan Turing was a man who achievements innumerable number of things throughout his life. Differing from PCs, science, material science, and arithmetic. Anyway he lost his life at such a youthful age for an explanation obscure to us. He helped win WWII and made the idea of programming when every other person says it is outlandish. Likewise he didn't stop there yet in addition characterized what makes a PC keen. He made the primary Artificial knowledge. He despite everything utilize all utilization techniques today. He was the man known as the dad of present day PCs.

Blog Archive Mastering Your MBA Finances Assembling Your Student Budget (Part 5)

Blog Archive Mastering Your MBA Finances â€" Assembling Your Student Budget (Part 5) Once you have been accepted to your target MBA program, things start to move very quickly, and you will need to begin planning for your transition to business school right away. Understanding the financial realities of your MBA education is an important first step, and we have created this comprehensive, five-part “Mastering Your MBA Finances” series to help you do so. In this fifth and final installment of the series, we bring the revenue and expense pieces together to round out our sample MBA student budget. (Be sure to read Part 1, Part 2, Part 3, and Part 4 of this series if you have not done so already.) For individualized advice, sign up for a free, 30-minute budget planning session with an M7 Financial budgeting coach. In the earlier parts of this newsletter series, we discussed the income MBA students can generally expect to receive via their summer internship salary and signing bonus. We determined that an MBA candidate could anticipate approximately $43,000 in income during business school and that other potential income streams may also be available, which would need to be incorporated into one’s projected budget. Next, we broke down various expected costs and adjusted the individual programs’ budgets to come up with an average tuition and living expenses figure. The following table presents ballpark estimates for the expenses you can generally expect at a top MBA program over the course of 21 months. Putting this all togetherâ€"though without including opportunity costsâ€"we find that an MBA student who is not sponsored and cannot count on receiving scholarship funds could need to finance approximately $160,000 in education expenses over a 21-month period. This reinforces how helpful a scholarship can be in mitigating an average MBA student’s expenses. To be fair, we must note that the average student is not this indebted, because many are sponsored by their firm or receive scholarship funds, and some have access to personal or family resources to finance their educations in part or in full. In short, we are again being conservative in our sample budget by assuming no other sources of funding. The somewhat good news here is that borrowing is not terribly expensive right now, because interest rates are relatively low. For example, the interest rate on the Federal Direct Stafford Loan (for which the annual borrowing limit is typically $20,500) is currently 5.84% with a 1.068% origination fee, and the interest rate on the Federal Direct PLUS Loan is 6.84% with a 4.272% origination fee. Furthermore, many MBA students at top schools have found that they can access even lower interest rates with absolutely no origination fees through the private student loan market.   The interest rate you receive in the private student loan market will depend on the strength of your loan application in a process similar to that of obtaining a car loan or mortgage. The stronger your application, the more likely you are to receive a loan at a significantly lower borrowing cost than those offered by the federal loans available. Your FICO score plays a big role in this process. To increase your likelihood of receiving the lowest possible interest rate, you could apply for a private student loan with a cosigner, such as a spouse, parent, or sibling. Although this is not required, we have seen that having a cosigner often makes a big differenceâ€"it enhances one’s chance of being approved for a loan as well as one’s eligibility for the best interest rates. You now have the tools to construct a projected MBA student budget of your own, using your income and expenses and tailored to your target school(s). The prospect of tackling your MBA-related finances may be a little daunting, but for the vast majority of candidates, a real opportunity is waiting. These days, the average starting post-MBA salary is roughly $125,000, which should make earning your MBA a financially prudent choice. For even more strategies for paying for your degree and minimizing your debt burden, download the free M7 Financial Student Loan (Reduction) Primer or sign up for a free, 30-minute, one-on-one budget planning session! And for more information on private student loans, including current interest rates for a number of options, check out M7 Financial’s Web site at www.m7financial.com. Share ThisTweet Business School News

A Brief Note On Behaviorism And Its Effect On An Individual

Behaviourism Behaviourism is an approach used to assess animal and human behaviour. It relies on the assumption that the behaviour of an animal or human is the result of history of that particular individual. Indeed, reinforcements and punishments are expected to influence the behaviour of an individual by teaching him how to react or conduct him in a specific situation. The main advantage of the behaviouristic approach is the fact that it relies on observable behaviours. This eventually permits the collection of data from research and hence, it becomes possible to determine whether the behaviouristic approach has a positive impact on an individual. On the long-term, it can be possible to condition an individual by slightly altering the stimuli as well the feedback. In doing so, it is expected that the conditioning will eventually occur. Another advantage of behaviourism would be the possibility to treat children suffering from behavioural disorders. By using the system of feedbacks, the children can be rewarded for their good behaviours and can be punished in the scenarios where they still misbehave. However, various studies have demonstrated that mostly younger children will be responsive to this approach. In the end, the behavioural approach still remains an essential tool for the therapy of children with behavioural disorders. The first disadvantage of behaviourism is that it completely ignores the characteristics of each individual. The human brain is complex and itShow MoreRelatedConceptual And Historical Issues Of Psychology1420 Words   |  6 PagesCONCEPTUAL AND HISTORICAL ISSUES IN PSYCHOLOGY Abstract The often asked question is the relationship between the theories of psychology and its application to human life for instance, individual life, mental life and subjectivity. Presently, efforts by writers to separate the three categories have seen light. 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Soldiers Have Been The Most Significant Part Of An...

Ordinary Soldiers have been the most significant part of an armies’ structure throughout military history. They have not only been essential in the continued development of warfare but have also shown great determination when facing the hardest struggles in combat and an ability to complete their objectives. However, even though the ordinary soldier continues to fight and to carry out his orders, he is put through some of the hardest traumas and hardships that the world has ever seen or known. As a result of this, people question why soldiers continue to risk themselves physically and mentally in the affairs of others. Although soldiers have been put through extreme ordeals in combat throughout military history, the ordinary soldier continues to fight for his sense of duty to his country, his belief in the cause, and his comrades in arms; furthermore, these reasons transformed throughout the centuries, as a result of influences such as military, political, and societal. Even though soldiers are constantly exposed to extreme trauma and ordeal, they still fight for a sense of duty to their state. For example, French troops during the French Revolution fought for their sense of duty to the establishment of a free France. This feeling of responsibility to the state can be seen in Howard’s War In European History when it is said that French troops were fighting as â€Å"free men to defend freedom† (79). Also, a sense of duty to the state can be seen in ordinary French soldiers’

The Crucible By Nicholas Hytner Essay - 2598 Words

The movie I chose to research was the crucible, directed by Nicholas Hytner but written by Arthur Miller. This film starred a young Wynona Ryder along with Daniel day-Lewis and Paul Scofield. Originally released on November 27th 1996, the film was well received even being nominated for an Oscar in 1997, along with 26 additional academy awards that year, sadly it only won 4. Of course a film about witchcraft, an affair, and people being hanged would spark controversy especially since it was rated at pg-13 but nothing major was said about this. On the other hand Rolling stone magazine said â€Å"In the film s most complex role, Day-Lewis performs with quiet power. Playing nobility can make actors insufferable, but Day-Lewis keeps John Proctor human even when saddled with smudgy makeup and fake brown teeth for his final scene.† Giving the film an overall positive review. 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Director Nicholas Hytner utilizedRead MoreThe Crucible, Directed By Nicholas Hytner Essay2664 Words   |  11 PagesThe movie I chose to research was The Crucible, directed by Nicholas Hytner but written b y Arthur Miller. This film starred a young Wynona Ryder along with Daniel day-Lewis and Paul Scofield. Originally released on November 27th 1996, the film was well received even being nominated for an Oscar in 1997, along with 26 additional academy awards that year, sadly it only won 4. Of course a film about witchcraft, an affair, and people being hanged would spark controversy especially since it was ratedRead Moregood1737 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Despite unnecessary changes to plot and some flawed character portrayals, Nicholas Hytner’s 1996 film adaptation of Arthur Miller’s 1953 play, The Crucible, is overall a viable adaptation of Miller’s original work. 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The main actors are Daniel Day-Lewis who plays Proctor, Winona Ryder as Abigail, Paul Scofield as Judge Danforth, Joan Allen as Elizabeth, Bruce Davison as Parris, and Rob Campbell as Hale. The movie was directed by Nicholas Hytner and was produced by David Picker. The action â€Å"takes place in 1692 at a time when people were livingRead MoreCrucible Essay Example888 Words   |  4 PagesJustice and The Crucible While justice is meant to be directed with upmost fairness and equality, Arthur Miller’s film The Crucible demonstrates that this does not always succeed, and in many situations the forces of injustices are exposed. From different points of views, justice can be formed or destroyed. In the film The Crucible, Arthur Miller convinces his audience that reason, emotion, and character shows injustice throughout the social hardship in a Puritan community. 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Leadership for Concepts and Practice- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theLeadership for Concepts and Practice. Answer: Introduction The research and development of a personal philosophy of leadership deeply intrigues me. Leadership is a powerful aspect that can represent the bad or good in a person. When I think of leadership, I think of the people in my life who have accomplished a great deal to help others is a good thing. I do not feel that I have accomplished the leadership status, in a sense of people who are following or looking up to me. I believe that leadership comes over time; It comes by recovering the mistakes you commit while making things better. When I think about all the leaders in the world, I noticed that all of them have their own values and ways of accomplishing greatness in their life. It is essential to have my own personal beliefs and values before becoming a leader to others. Strong leadership and leadership skills are a critical part of progress, achievement and growth for personal, team and organizational effectiveness. Core leadership values such as excellence, collaboration, self-respe ct, competency, creativity, wisdom, honesty and integrity resonate within me that is responsible for guiding the path I take in my current role as well as in the continuation of my leadership journey. I strive to keep these values as part of both my personal and professional life while continually reviewing and updating them in that journey. They form the foundation of my personal leadership development as well as an informal leader and as a member of a team. I truly believe John Maxwell. He stated, "To add value to others, one must first value others" (Inc.com). In this paper, I will discuss my personal leadership philosophy in details while explaining ways I dealt with decision making and challenges. Leadership and Values In analysing the idea of what leadership is, I tried to evaluate what was most important to me in becoming a leader. I asked myself, what shapes a vision? What are the qualities that comprise a leader?Leadership according to Northouse (2015), is a complex, multidimensional process that is often conceptualized in a variety of ways by different people. Some of the most common ways of looking at leadership are as a trait, as an ability, as a skill, as a behavior, as a relationship, and as a process. The way you think about leadership will influence the way you practice leadership (p.10). A self reflection is Following is the definition of leadership i.e. being generated from my thoughtful reflection of the leadership of the organization: Leadership is not about a title. It is simply about more than having followers; and it is not achieved by just following a few principles. Leadership is a complex at its core and it is having the courage to make the right choices not just the popular ones, engaging others in a vision, and empowering followers to pursue a shared purpose of achieving a positive, lasting impact on the individuals associated with it. Perhaps the most important step in becoming an effective leader is to understand and determine ones core values. Human needs are an important part of human nature. Values, beliefs and customs differ from country to country and group to group, but all people have similar needs. A leader must understand these needs because they are powerful motivators. The Maslows Hierarchy of Needs (1996), explains that once people who have their basic needs met, become much better workers. They are able to concentrate on fulfilling the visions put forth to them, instead of consistently worrying about how to make ends meet. Honesty, integrity and self-respect are considered as vital aspects towards self-management and self-leadership. People who adhere to a strong set of principles and take responsibility for their actions are exhibiting integrity. Leaders with integrity inspire confidence in others because they can be trusted to do what they say they are going to do(Northouse p. 26). According to me, honesty in personal growth and self leadership reflects the performance of the employees as well as leaders and continually. If objectively this process is repeated then necessary changes can be made. Holding integrity as a core value means making sure that every inward reflection and outward interaction as a leader or team member incorporates a comparison with established personal values. In this context, honesty and integrity contribute to the development of self-respect, which is important for sustained credibility, influence and growth in leadership. Leadership Assumptions and Experiences Assumptions are thoughts generated unconsciously or naturally (Duplass Ziedler,2002) and they are used as simplified ways to support decisions made on a daily basis (Ruggiero,2004, p. 94-95). There is a list of assumptions for my personal philosophy development, that include the following aspects. Leadership opportunities are open to all levels within an organization or team. It is also practiced in an informal or unassigned leadership form, from the middle that can have a very positive impact on teams and outcomes. Values are given back to the growth of the profession while providing back to profession. My skill sets and knowledge may change and expand over time, but the core professional skill set I possess will not change. Another assumption I believe in, is that leadership competencies can be learned and developed whereas some may think individuals may appear to be born leaders. I also, support Douglas Mc Greyors assumption of Theory Y discussed by Northouse (2015), that work is as natural as play and rest. People will exercise self-direction that they are committed to the objectives. I believe that commitment to objectives is the function of the rewards associated with all my achievements. I am capable of using my abilities to solve any organizational problem, and I do have potential. Positive leadership is based on part on openness, honesty, fairness, transparency, equal opportunities and vision. My previous department leader was truly the best leader I have ever reported to. I think I have adopted his charismatic leadership style and at times his transformational style. The charismatic qualities include, being driven, passionate, taking personal risks to achieve the common goal and having high performance expectations. Whereas, the transformational qualities include, always emphasizing cooperation, daily coaching and mentoring of others, articulating a clear and appealing vision and encourage the team to serve others. I remember him best displaying his leadership abilities of easing our fears during a challenging time of the organization restructuring because of the bad economical financial situation of the country. Poor leadership involves poor communication, lack of transparency, favouritism and closed-door style of leadership. I once experienced being under t he leadership who had a laissez-faire attitude in which he visited the office twice a week, called in sick half the time and made no attempts to resolve issues in the office. He just caused harm to the organization, eventually the company closed. Leadership Beliefs According to me, strong personal leadership traits and relationships with subordinates are the key aspects to strong leadership and team growth. From experience, one of the ways to build trust as a leader is to display a good sense of character. Character is the disposition of a person, made up of beliefs, values, skills and traits. I believe that effective leaders envision what they want and how to get it, they habitually pick priorities stemming from their basic values. Leaders should have distinguishing qualities such as forward-looking, competent, fair-minded, courageous and being straightforward. The purpose of the leadership is to improve the ability of the individuals and teams while optimizing work and volunteering processes in order to contribute to excellence in outcomes. The power of a leader keeps the organizations employees engaged and motivated. Leadership is aligned with organizational objectives along with the skills of subordinates and partners with employees while achieving employee, team and organizational objectives. Fiedler has defined leadership as a "process of influencing others for the purpose of performing a shared task" (Fiedler, 1968, p. 362). Implied in, this definition is the idea that one person--the leader--motivates and directs members of the group to reach some shared goal. A strong leadership is therefore important for the effectiveness, performance and relationship of teams. Practicing and modelling core values that encourage others to do the same established respect. Demonstrating trust, reliability and respect contributes to credibility. The leaders actions and goals may not always genuine in nature. Employees, peers and other subordinates have to understand this that sometimes it may not follow the interest of the organization and people. However, consistent following is important, as is the nurtures, support and direct the teams. If a leader does not consistently back up their talk with actions, credibility will be a challenge. As per my understanding, good leaders must genuinely believe in the organization and the people they lead and work with. They must be actively involved in bringing about change that will support that belief. Leaders are affected by their experiences, which can influence their leadership style and actions. However, they can also be influenced or shaped by the environment in their organization and its resources, political and economic scenarios.Leadership behavior is shaped by both internal and external factors. I believe that a leader must possess and cultivate certain traits that make it more likely they will excel. The leader must make the decision to utilize or cultivate those traits to expand their leadership influence. I have made a conscious decision to take on leadership responsibilities from within my team while others on my team prefer to take a more passive follower role. I have taken the decision for a formal leadership role if that becomes something I desire. The combination of my experiences, the skills and qualities I possess or have chosen is to develop and specific decisions and commitments will all contribute to my style and success as a leader. Conclusion It is very important to work in an organization that has the same or very similar values and vision as an individual have. It is the first thing that I look at when choosing to apply or work with an organization. For becoming a great leader, I believe one must have values of integrity, responsibility, humility, an open-mind of diversity/differences, family and love, a charismatic leadership attitude, and communication. My goals and objectives along with organizational goals will help me in becoming a great leader as well as creating values to the organization and self-development. Reference Northouse, P. G. (2015). Introduction to Leadership: Concepts and Practice, 3rd Edition. [Bookshelf Online]. Retrieved from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781483324166/ The 100 Best Leadership Quotes of All Time. Retrieved from https://www.inc.com/lolly-daskal/the-100-best-leadership-quotes-of-all-time.html Duplass, J. A., Ziedler, D. L. (2002). Critical thinking and logical argument, Social Education, 66(5), 10-14. Retrieved May 30, 2007, from InfoTracOne File. Ruggiero, V. R. (2004). Beyond feelings: A guide to critical thinking (7th ed.) Boston: McGraw Hill. Fiedler, F. E. (1968): Personality and situational determinants of leadership effectiveness. In D. Cartwright and A. Zander (Eds.), Group Dynamics. (3rd Edition.) New York: Harper Row, p. 362-380

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Free Essays on The Assassination Of John F. Kennedy

The Assassination of John F. Kennedy Our nation has had many memorable, yet unforgettable, moments in its long, enduring history. The assassination of John F. Kennedy, our thirty-fifth president, in the fall of 1963, is not only one of the most memorable, it is also one of the most bizarre cases in our nation’s history. John Fitzgerald Kennedy became our nation’s thirty-fifth president on January 20, 1961 (Rivera 12). Kennedy was a good-looking man. Rich, honest, attractive, everything a forty-three year-old Democrat would need to become one of America’s best-known presidents. Many historians believe Kennedy the greatest president in U.S. history. Kennedy’s promise of new health, housing, and civil rights programs only helped his popularity as he defeated Richard Nixon in the election of 1960 (Rivera 12, 13). Kennedy’s presidential job faced many problems as soon as the young president took the oath of office. Hundreds upon thousands of Cubans were flocking to the United States because of Communist Leader, Fidel Castro (River 13). Kennedy’s growing problems led to the invasion of Cuba, a place known as the Bay of Pigs, on April 17, 1961. The invasion was a complete failure and the US was unable to overthrow Castro in the Communist regime. Many Cubans, as well as Americans, felt Kennedy made a bad decision and distrusted the government because of the Bay of Pigs. In the same year, the US Government sent spy airplanes over Cuba. Photos clearly showed weapons, mainly missiles and anti-aircraft weaponry. This was the beginning of what became known as the Cuban Missile Crisis (Rivera 9). Kennedy wanted the missiles gone. Advisors wanted to drop bombs, but Kennedy wouldn’t allow it. He thought Russia could possibly interfere and another world war would be in sight . Another growing problem with the Kennedy campaign was the fight for civil rights. Kennedy created the Committee on Equal Employment Oppo... Free Essays on The Assassination Of John F. Kennedy Free Essays on The Assassination Of John F. Kennedy The Assassination of John F. Kennedy Our nation has had many memorable, yet unforgettable, moments in its long, enduring history. The assassination of John F. Kennedy, our thirty-fifth president, in the fall of 1963, is not only one of the most memorable, it is also one of the most bizarre cases in our nation’s history. John Fitzgerald Kennedy became our nation’s thirty-fifth president on January 20, 1961 (Rivera 12). Kennedy was a good-looking man. Rich, honest, attractive, everything a forty-three year-old Democrat would need to become one of America’s best-known presidents. Many historians believe Kennedy the greatest president in U.S. history. Kennedy’s promise of new health, housing, and civil rights programs only helped his popularity as he defeated Richard Nixon in the election of 1960 (Rivera 12, 13). Kennedy’s presidential job faced many problems as soon as the young president took the oath of office. Hundreds upon thousands of Cubans were flocking to the United States because of Communist Leader, Fidel Castro (River 13). Kennedy’s growing problems led to the invasion of Cuba, a place known as the Bay of Pigs, on April 17, 1961. The invasion was a complete failure and the US was unable to overthrow Castro in the Communist regime. Many Cubans, as well as Americans, felt Kennedy made a bad decision and distrusted the government because of the Bay of Pigs. In the same year, the US Government sent spy airplanes over Cuba. Photos clearly showed weapons, mainly missiles and anti-aircraft weaponry. This was the beginning of what became known as the Cuban Missile Crisis (Rivera 9). Kennedy wanted the missiles gone. Advisors wanted to drop bombs, but Kennedy wouldn’t allow it. He thought Russia could possibly interfere and another world war would be in sight . Another growing problem with the Kennedy campaign was the fight for civil rights. Kennedy created the Committee on Equal Employment Oppo...

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Systems Coursework

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Systems - Coursework Example These systems pool information sources from marketing, sales, customer service, sales and accounting databases to create one comprehensive tool. First, is the operation CRM systems, they focus on software applications integrating disconnected data sets in a business. The system has the capability to focus on customers and provide information from multiple databases on a single platform. The business employees can then provide quick service to the customer without need for many software tools to collect customer information. Another type of CRM system is the analytical CRM. It focuses on gleaning the perception of the customer from the available data in a business. These systems can use data mining to look for patterns and trends and can solve customer problems by focusing on widespread problems. Last but not least, we have collaborative CRM systems that move outside the business to include external contacts such as suppliers, vendors and distributors. The system allows businesses bring additional data to their customers’ service. They make the information available to the customers by use of a website or extranet. The main intent is to enable users work interactively with a business to improve service provision (Dyche 2001) OpenData by Socrata is a sample CRM system that is online. From my observation, this CRM maintains clients’ records and activities. For instance, it captures clients’ information from several sources, such as, an entry form, Google maps and discussion boards. It then harmonizes this information and presents it in a tabular form. Additionally OpenData CRM has the functionality of editing that available information and adding more information. In the available classification, OpenData CRM falls under the operational CRM system category. This is because it focuses on applications that integrate disconnected data sets and focus on

Criminal Law Liability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Criminal Law Liability - Essay Example There is also the legal duty to act because of an actual or implied contract. For example, in R. v. Pitwood (1902)2 a defendant was convicted of manslaughter after he failed to close a level crossing gate with the result of a hay cart and a train colliding. The collision resulted in the death of a man. Pitwood argued that he had no legal duty to the deceased, but Judge Wright held that he did have one arising from his contract of employment. While R. v. Pitwood is often regarded as a classic case of criminal liability for omission, Wright's actual words leave some room for doubt: Thus the judge may actually have been seeing liability coming from the fact that Pitwood had left the level crossing gate open rather than the fact that he had not shot the level crossing gate. Thus did the liability come from an action or an inaction It would seem that the former occurred. This was a case of gross negligence manslaughter, a crime that is a useful background to the whole subject of criminal liability for omission. In general such manslaughter requires the following elements: Duty is imposed by common law statute. ... A breach is the failure to do something or doing something incorrectly according to the standard expected. The causal link is the fact that death has resulted from this failure with no intervening cause while gross negligence is the fact that the standard of performance or non-performance is so bad as to make it criminal. A "reasonable person" standard can apply when there is no actual contractual arrangement. Thus if a 'reasonable person" would have acted in a manner that would have prevented or avoided the resulting damage/injury then the defendant may be found liable. For example, in R. v. Miller4 (1982) a defendant was held liable for criminal damage to a building that had been caused by a fire. Miller was a tramp who had fallen asleep in a disused property while smoking a cigarette. The cigarette fell onto the mattress he was asleep on, and when he woke up because of the smoke, Miller did not attempt to put the cigarette/smoldering out but merely moved to another room and fell asleep. The court found that Miller was bound to act because the dangerous circumstance had been of his own making, and the omission that had subsequently occurred was of a criminal nature. By contrast, if Miller had been a person passing by the house and had seen it smoldering but had done nothing he would not have had a duty to put the fire out and thus the other elements of the crime would be irrelevant. Miller, as well as Pitwood also brings up a problem that has yet to be fully resolved regarding criminal liability for omission. The problem revolves around the fact that a general principle of criminal law is that the mens rea of the offence must exist at the time of the actus reus. Essentially there must be a coincidence of the actus reus and the mens

Theories of Firm Internationalisation

Theories of Firm Internationalisation Firms internationalisation decisions can be driven by various motives, taking this into account, discuss in particular the choice of a firm of how to internationalise its production activities in terms of a trade off between ownership and market transactions. After the World War II, there has been rapid growth in international trade in both goods and services, resulting in various transactions across national borders for the purpose of satisfying the needs of individuals and organisations. The result of this global competition has forced organisations to expand their business by finding out new markets at home and foreign countries making them ‘Transnational firms. Dicken (2007) defines Transnational Corporations (TNC) as â€Å"A firm that has power to co-ordinate and control operations in more than one country, even if it does not own them†. Rugman and Hodgetts, 2003 says Multinational corporations, defined as â€Å"A company headquarter in one country but having operations in other countries†. The significance of TNC lies mainly in its ability to co-ordinate and control different transactions within transnational production networks, ability to take advantage of distribution factors of production and ability to be fl exible in locations. The growing TNCs led to various patterns and trends in international business like rapid growth in world trade and investment, cross border mergers and acquisitions resulting in the process of Internationalization. Internationalization is the process of increasing involvement in international operations across national borders which comprises both changed perspectives and positions. (Buckley and Ghauri, 1999) Internationalization is one potential strategy that is being used increasingly by business firms to maximise size of the firm, increase their profitability, increasing their market share and becoming industry leader. It is a major attribute of the current strategy process of most business firms which determines the ongoing development and change in the international firm in terms of values, scope, principles, business ideas, action orientation, nature of work and converging norms. The internationalization dimension is related to all these aspects of the strategy process and thus making the firms become ‘Transnational. In this global competition, it is important for the firm to become transnational and internationalization process focuses mainly on the development of the individual firm on its gradual acquisition, integration, and use of knowledge about foreign markets and operations. (Dicken, P., 2007) Firms internationalization decision is mainly to acquire profits. The origins of the internationalisation of the industry are described by both macroeconomics approach, regarded as a general-system approach which is focused on the capitalist system as a whole, and microeconomics approach, based upon a firm-specific level. In a macroeconomics approach, the expansions of firms activities into foreign countries are explained by the circuits of capital and the theory of new international division of labour. A microeconomics approach entails the Dunnings eclectic paradigm and the theory of product life cycle. As most TNCs are capitalist enterprises, they behave according to basic rules of capitalism, the ways in which firm acquires profits along with various motives like increasing their market share, becoming industry leader or simply making firm bigger. But above all, the most important factor for internationalization is the pursuit of profits. In this competitive economy, competition b etween firms is becoming increasingly global and much more volatile not just confining them to national level but with firms across the world. Thus TNCs simply explain the need for internationalization at macro level in pursuit of profits and performance better in the global competitive economy. (Dicken, P., 1992) The new international division of labour, proposed by Stephen Hymer, is used to explain the shift of industrial production from the core (the industrialised countries) to the periphery (the developing countries). Firms in developed countries due to increasing wages in their home countries are forced to seek the alternative locations providing cheap labour, which are the third world countries. Dicken (1992) points out that even though this concept has some validity in explanation of internationalisation process, it also contains several drawbacks as it is excessively narrow and one-dimensional and it overstates the extent to which industrial production has been relocated to the global periphery. Micro level approach is an approach to understand the internationalization of economic activity through the TNC which is much as firm specific. The decision to become global firm is made by individual firms or more by decision makers in the firm rather than focusing upon the decisions at capitalist system as a whole like in macro level approach. According to Hymers pioneering study in 1960, domestic firms will have natural advantage over foreign firms in terms of better understanding of local market conditions and business environment. But, a foreign firm wishing to produce in any other market would have to posses some firm specific assets which overcome the natural advantages of domestic firm. These firm specific assets are like size of the firm and economies of scale, access to raw materials, marketing skills, technological expertise, reduced transaction costs or access to cheaper sources of finance, which makes a foreign firm to compete domestic firm in its home country. Hymers st udy expressed that the firm wishing in transnational production would have its own set of qualifying principles specific to ownership which overcome the advantages of indigenous firms in the country of production. (Nilsson, J.E, Dicken, P., Peck, J., 1996) In 1966, Vernon developed the product life cycle to explain the observed pattern of international trade. The theory suggests that in the earlier stages of products life cycle all the production activities of a product is done in the place in which it was invented. Once the product is used in the markets, production gradually moves away from the point of origin to the places with low production costs and high market activity, in order to acquire high profits by the firm. There are four stages in product life cycle: Introduction, growth, maturity and decline. The location of production depends on the stage of the cycle. In the introduction stage the firm seeks to build product awareness and develop a market for the product. In the growth stage, the firm tries to increase brand preference and market share. At maturity stage, the strong growth in sales decreases due to heavy competition between similar products. At this stage the primary objective of the firm is to defend the market shar es by expanding into new markets or low developing countries (LDCs) to maximize profits. In the final stage, due to decline in the sales, the firm tries to maintain the product by adding new features and targeting new markets. (Dicken 2003) According to Dunnings Eclectic Paradigm, a firm will engage in international production when each of the following three conditions is present: 1. Owner specific advantages, 2. Location specific advantages and 3. Internalization advantages. As the three principles are derived from variety of theoretical approaches such as the theory of the firm, organization theory, trade theory and location theory, dunning labelled his approach as ‘eclectic which integrates various strands of explanation of international production. Owner specific advantages or Firm specific advantages are assets which are internal to firm. Every firm must possess certain ownership specific advantages which are unique compared to their competing firms from other countries. These firm specific advantages are intangible and transferred within the TNC at low cost (e.g., technology, brand name, and benefits of economies of scale) which either provides higher revenues or lower costs that can reduce operating costs compared to its competitors in a foreign country.(Wattanasupachoke, 2002) A firm must possess location specific advantages to exploit its assets in foreign rather than domestic country. Therefore the location specific advantages of different countries are important in determining which will become host countries for the transnational corporations. They constitute economic, political and socio cultural advantages which are important factors in the context of transnational production. (Wattanasupachoke 2002) Transnational corporations choose internalization where the market does not exist or functions poorly. There must be internalization advantages to the firm from exploiting its advantages itself, rather than selling them or leasing them. The more uncertain the environment faced by the firm (which may be due to price, quality and availability of raw materials) the more likely a firm internalize its operations. Internalization occurs in the case of knowledge and technology, where many firms spend huge sums of money on various research and development. To ensure satisfactory returns on the investment without selling or leasing the technology to other foreign firms, the firm itself exploits its technological advantage directly by setting up its own production facilities. (Whitley, R., 1994) Under ‘eclectic theory other theories of internationalization are more concerned with the processes that a firm must go through. Sequential theory of internationalization is a process in which a firm enters into the foreign market. It is also called as ‘Uppsala model and the firm enters other markets through four discrete stages: Intermittent exports, exports via agents and through licensing, overseas sales through knowledge agreements with local firms (example franchising) and foreign direct investment (FDI) in the foreign market. Initially, the firm is purely a domestic firm in terms of both production and markets. Once the firm reaches saturation point in its domestic market, it looks into foreign markets in order to maintain growth and profitability. During early stages, the firm does this through exports using the services of overseas sales agent, who are independent of the exporting firm. In the second stage, the process of gaining control over its foreign sales is achieved by setting up its own sales outlets. This can be done in two ways, either by setting up an entirely new outlet or by acquiring local firm. When the firm performs better and acquires good profits, it decides on establishment of entire production facilities with consideration of its favourable factors in a foreign market. Figure1 shows the path of development of a firm in the evolution of a transnational corporation. (Wall and Rees, 2004) In a network perspective, the process of internationalization is like creating new relationships or building on existing relationships in international markets, with the focus shifting from the organizational to that of social. It is people who make decisions and take the actions. The series of networks are considered at three levels: Macro, Inter-organizational and Intra-organizational. (Wall and Rees, 2004) In network theory, the business environment is seen as a set of diverse interests, powers, characteristics which advances on national and international business decisions. At macro- level, a firm has to break old relationships or add new ones to enter new markets. A new entrant finds difficult to break into a market that already has stable relationship. Such firms are able to reconfigure the existing networks, thus more successful in internationalization process. At Inter-organizational level, firms are good in different relationships to one another in different markets. They may be competitors in one market, collaborators in other and ‘suppliers and customers to each other in a third. Thus, if one firm internationalizes it draws other firms into international production. At intra-organizational level, relations within the organization influence the decision making process. If a transnational corporation has its subsidiaries in other countries, decisions taken at the subsidiary level increases the degree of international involvement of the parent TNC, depending on the degree of decentralization of decision making by the firm. (Wall and Rees, 2004) The various theories explain the process of internationalization and results in the firms motivation for engaging in transnational operations. When a firm decides to establish a production facility in the foreign market it mainly focuses its interests in terms of size of the market and availability of requirements which are useful for the production facility. Though firms motivation in transnational production is highly individual, still it can be broadly classified into two categories: Market Orientation and Asset Orientation. (Dicken, 2007) Most foreign direct investment in the process of transnational production is designed to serve a specific location market by taking consideration of market size and other conditions. The goods and services produced in the foreign country are almost identical to that being produced in the firms home country but the firm modifies its products slightly in order to gain the tastes and preferences of the local market. Market oriented investment is a form of horizontal expansion across national boundaries which concentrates on three factors in making up the decision of the location. The most important factor is a size of the market measured in terms of per-capita income rather than in terms of population. For example, countries in Europe and US, though they have less population, their per-capita income is high. Population in countries with low income levels spend larger portion of their income on basic necessities while people in countries with high income levels spend higher portion of th eir income on higher order manufacture goods and services. The last important factor for market oriented production is accessibility into the markets (transportation) and other political barriers. (Dicken, 2007) The choice of strategy for transnational production will be influenced by the reasons for becoming transnational. Foreign direct investment is designed to take advantage of the fact that the various assets that a firm needs to produce are not available in the same quantity and quality everywhere. So, it is important for a firm to consider about asset orientated production when it becomes transnational. It is broadly classified into two ways: Technology and labour. Firm benefits from the production costs if there are low labour costs along with high technology. Variations in wage costs, labour productivity and knowledge and skills constitute asset based advantages to the firm becoming transnational. Once a firm has decided to go international, it takes place in wide variety of ways, most of which can be classified into three broad categories: Export based methods Non- equity methods Equity methods Export based methods for internationalization It is the most common way in which a firm becomes international, by producing its products in the domestic markets but exports a proportion of its products to foreign markets. Exporting is an oldest and straight forward way of carrying international business. Its growth can be reduced to the liberalisation of trade that has taken place globally and within regional trading blocs due to concept of free trade like European Union (EU), NAFTA (North American Free Trade Association), ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations), and APEC (Asia Pacific Economic Corporation). The export based methods of internationalizing are divided into ‘indirect exporting and ‘direct exporting. (Wall and Rees, 2004) Indirect exporting: When a firm does not have any international activity by itself then it operates through intermediaries for physical distribution of goods and services in the foreign market. Initially an export house buys products from domestic firm and sells them abroad on its own account. A confirming house acts for foreign buyers where it brings sellers and buyers into direct contact and guarantee payments on a commission basis. Finally a buying house performs functions in seeking out sellers to match buyers particular needs. Direct exporting: In this form a firm is directly involved in distributing and selling its own products to the foreign markets. It is long term commitment to a particular foreign market with the firm choosing local agents and distributors specific to that market. It allows the exporter to monitor developments and competitions in the host market. It promotes interaction between producer and end user with long term commitments such as providing after sales services to encourage repeat purchases. Non- Equity based methods for internationalization In this form of internationalization, the firm either sells technology or do business in the form of contract, involving patents, trademarks and copyrights. It is often referred to as intellectual property rights and form major part of international transactions. This non-equity method of internationalization takes into forms of licensing, franchising or other types of contractual agreement. (Wall and Rees, 2004) Licensing: It is a permission granted by the licensor (proprietary owner) to a licensee (foreign party) in the form of a contract to engage in an activity which is otherwise legally forbidden. The licensee buys the right to exploit technology and products from the licensor, which is protected by the intellectual property rights like patent, trademark or copyright. The licensor benefits from the licensees local knowledge and distribution channels; also it is a low cost strategy for internationalization since the foreign entrant makes little or no resource commitment. This type of agreement is mostly found in industries like RD and other industries where fixed costs are high. (Rugman and Hodgetts, 2003) Franchising: In this form, the franchisee purchases the right to undertake business activity using the franchisors name or trademark rather than any patented technology. Many firms choose franchising as a means of internationalizing as it establishes firms business in short time with relatively little direct investment and creates global image through standard marketing approach. It allows franchiser a high degree of control and enables to understand the local taste and preferences in the foreign country. For example, Coca-Colas franchising arrangements with various partners in different countries has given an advantage over its arch rival PepsiCo. Franchising also helps in building up global brand which can be cultivated and standardised overtime. (Wall and Rees, 2004) Other contractual modes of internationalization: Besides licensing and franchising, Management contracting is another form of internationalization where a supplier in one country provides certain ongoing management functions to a client in another country. Examples include technical service agreements are provided across borders, as when a company outsources its operations to a foreign firm. Contract-based partnerships are also formed between different nationalities in order to share the cost of an investment. For example, pharmaceutical companies, automobile companies make agreements between themselves to include cooperation, co-research and co-development activities. (Wall and Rees, 2004) Equity based methods for internationalization When a firm physically invests in any another country, it is referred as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). The major advantage of this method is that the firm has greatest level of control over its proprietary information and technology. A firm can use different ways to FDI by acquiring an existing firm, creating equity joint ventures, merging or establishing a foreign operation by its own (green-field investment). (De Propris, L., 2009) Acquisition and Establishment of a firm by its own (green-field investment): Acquisition of an existing foreign company has a number of advantages compared to green-field investment. For example, it allows an immediate presence in the market which results in a fast returns on capital and ready access to knowledge of the local market. Also, problems associated with green-field investments such as cultural, legal and management issues are avoided. Joint Ventures: It involves creating a new identity in which both the initiating partners take active roles in formulating strategy and making decisions. It helps to share technologies and lower the costs of high risks in various development projects. Joint Ventures make firm to gain economics of scale and scope in value adding activities on a global basis. It creates a firm to secure access to partners technology and accumulate learning process which is used for more effective future competition in the industry. Joint Ventures are common in high technology industries; it usually takes one of the two forms: Specialized Joint Ventures and Shared value added Joint Ventures. (Wall and Rees, 2004) In Specialized Joint Ventures, each partner brings a specific competency like one firm might indulge in a function of production and other does with marketing. For example organizations like JVC (Japan) and Thomson (France) have been into specialized Joint Venture where JVC contributed the specialized skills involved the manufacturing technologies needed to produce optical and compact discs, semiconductors while Thomson contributed the specific marketing skills needed to compete in European markets. In Shared value added Joint Ventures, both partners contributed to same function or value added activity. For example in the case of Fuji-Xerox, it is a shared value added Joint Venture with the design, production and marketing function all shared between two firms. Merging with a firm: In this equity based method for internationalization, a firm uses FDI by merging with a firm in the foreign country by buying its stake and holding appropriate ownership in the form of equities. It helps to extend its business rapidly and can use its infrastructure and knowledge about local market to improve its market share compared to its competitors. In equity based methods for internationalization, creation of consortium is one of the oldest forms of foreign direct investment. East Asian business models like Japanese Keiretsu and South Korean chaebols are more successful in building cross industry consortia when compared to western countries. Consortium of these types are sophisticated forms of strategic alliances designed to maximise the benefits like risk sharing, cost reductions, economies of scale etc .They tend to have long term and stable inter firm relationships based on mutual obligations in order to be forerunner of technology based industries. The Japanese Keiretsu is a combination of 20-25 different industrial companies centred on a large traditional company where transactions conducted through alliances of affiliated companies. It is divided into two forms, horizontal keiretsu which consists of highly diversified groups which are organized around core bank and general trading company (For example, Mitsubishi, Mitsui and Sanwa). Vertical Keiretsu is organized around a large parent company in a specific industry like Toshiba, Toyota and Sony etc. There are strong linkages between these two forms and the organization is extremely complex and wide reaching. (De Propris, L., 2009 and Wall and Rees, 2004) The South Korean chaebols, usually dominated by the founding families are similar consortia which are centred on a holding company. While a Keiretsu is financed by group banks and run by professional managers, chaebols get their funding from governments and are managed by family members. Examples include Samsung, Daewoo etc are industrialist families and the company keeps the stock in family hands. (Wall and Rees, 2004) When a firm becomes transnational, it has specific impacts on both host economies and home economies. The impacts like transfer of resources, capital, technology, an increase of employment, concerns about sovereignty and trade and balance of payments occur on the host economy. The specific impacts on home economies will be like loss of technology, sovereignty, loss of employment and tax avoidance. Conclusion In the process of globalisation, a firm operates their activities globally and the internationalisation process is one of the primary sites of attention. The changes in the technology in the fields of telecommunications and computer lessen the costs of cross border operations and encourage firms to engage in transnational production activities. Internationalisation is a sequential process where firms internalise their economic activities characterised in terms of aggressiveness and motivated by either internal or external triggers or a combination of both. It is one of the key strategic decisions for firms to maximise or at least sustain profits to survive in the world of uncertainty and complexity. The global economic expansion has been largely facilitated by the growth of TNCs. They dominate world trade and capital movement with turnover exceeding the GNP of some countries. These corporations continue to grow and influence the landscape of the world economy. The various motives for the firms internationalization process has been discussed and the ways in which firm use FDI to engage in the transnational production makes it to compete globally. It seems clear that theories of internationalization make the firm to take up decision to become transnational with each specifying its implications and benefits. Dunnings eclectic paradigm emphasis on OLI advantages, stating a firm will engage in international production when each of the following three conditions is present. The various theories explain the process of internationalization and when a firm decides to establish a production facility in the foreign market it focuses mainly on the market size. Though firms motivation in transnational production is highly individual, still it is classified into Market Orientation and Asset Orientation which states the conditions for the firm to become transnational corporation. When firm decides to go international the various methods of internationalization like equity based, non equity based, export based are used to engage its production activities in terms of a trade off between ownership and market transactions. References Buckley, P.J., Ghauri, P.N., 1999, â€Å"The Internationalization of the firm†, 2nd Edition, London: Thomson. De Propris, L., 2009, Lecture slides on The Nature of Transnational Corporation and From TNCs to global production networks, Lecture 4 5. Dicken, P., 1992, â€Å"Global Shift: The Internationalisation of Economic Activity†, 2nd Edition, London: Paul Chapman. Dicken, P., 2003, â€Å"Global Shift: Reshaping the global economic map in the 21st century†, 4th Edition, London: Sage. Dicken, P., 2007, â€Å"Global Shift: Mapping the changing contours of the world economy†, 5th Edition, London: Sage. Dunning, J. H., â€Å"Multinational Enterprises and the Global Economy†, Workingham: Addison-Weslay, 1994. Hymer, S., â€Å"The Multinational Corporation and the law of uneven development†, in Radice, H., 1975 â€Å"International firms and modern imperialism†, Harmond-sworth: Penguin. Nilsson, J.E., Dicken, P., Peck, J., 1996, â€Å"Internationalization Process: European firms in global competition†, Ed, London: Paul Chapman. Rugman, A.M., and Hodgetts, R.M., 2003 â€Å"International Business†, 3rd Edition, England: Pearson. Walls, S., and Rees, B., 2004, â€Å"International Business†, 2nd Edition, England: Pearson, pp: 34-64. Wattanasupachoke, T., (2002) â€Å"Internationalization: Motives and Consequences†, ABAC Journal, 22, 16-30. Whitley, R., 1994, â€Å"The Internationalization of Firms and Markets: Its Significance and Institutional Structuring†, Organization Journal, 1, 101.

Unemployment in the United States - The True Story :: essays papers

Unemployment in the United States - The True Story This article is an attempt to examine the numbers of unemployment in the United States more closely. It contends that the Bureau of Labor Statistics misrepresents the percentage rate of unemployment in the United States in its monthly surveys. The definition to unemployment given by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in the article is as follows: â€Å"People who had no employment during the reference week and that were available for work at the time, they made efforts to find employment sometime during the four week period ending with the reference week.† The article argues that the definition of unemployment given by the Bureau of Labor Statistics limits the number of individuals who can participate in the survey therefore, misrepresenting the nation’s perception towards the rate of unemployment. The article contends that there are millions of people in the United States that have been unemployed prior to the 4 weeks required to be counted in the Bureau of Labor Statistics survey. It also describes the different kinds of unemployment and why it is that the monthly survey of the Bureau of Labor Statistics is misleading. It explains the composition of unemployment and the duration of time it lasts among people. Instead of the 3.9% calculated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics it concludes that an estimate of 7% is more accurate. This article derives from a recent paper done by David Anderson of Centre College in the Journal of Law and Economics. It attempts to quantify the total yearly cost of all crime in America on a yearly basis and is constructed based on the thought of how much money would be saved if we lived in a crime free society. The total money saved, according to the article, would be 1.7 trillion dollars. The article explains in detail the way that this number was calculated. In the article, the total number calculated in the production and services of preventing crime would be 397 billion annually. Also, it calculates that the average American spends 4 minutes a day preventing crime by locking and unlocking valuables. The estimated number wasted by not producing money in those four minutes a day, by all Americans yearly, is 89.6 billion dollars. The article explains that millions of people are sitting idle in jails when they could be out helping the economy.

Outline of Kite Runner

Kite Runner The purpose of this research paper : I want to highlight the effect of the readers of the novel about Taliban and to have another thought about Afghanistan . Also to show how Housseini’s succeeded in showing a new trend of New Orientalism to prove to the west how Muslims are not bad after 9/11 or as they described Muslims as terrorists . Introduction : A brief introduction about the novel and the current affairs of the country . Main body : ( will tackle a few main themes + giving evidence from the novel ) * The theme Discrimination: Afghanistan has many ethnic groups, like Hazaras and Pashtuns.How the main character suffers from this, the most famous incident is the Hazara massacre in 1998. * Oppression as a theme : 1. The oppression of women in society 2. The oppression of children (Hassan , his son , director of the orphanage ) 3. The oppression of the Russian colonizer against Afghanistan and the people. * The theme of Diaspora ; it tackles the life of the main characters when he goes to America and escape from the bad fortune of his country had been to. * The theme of war between Soviet and Afghanistan. A.How the Afghani people see the war . B. How the Roussi treat them ( the incident of baba with the Russian doctor – the Russian solider and the harassment of the Afghani woman) C. The destruction of the country Conclusion : How khaled housseini presented a new trend of new orientalism as many criticized that he had succeeded in giving a good presentation for his country. References and Sources : The New York Times – articles Wiki pedia pages about Taliban – Afghanistan – The Soviet War The Goodreads website – quotes by Ahmed Rashid

Net Neutrality Is It Good Or Bad - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 907 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/04/10 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Net Neutrality Essay Did you like this example? The FCC derives its authority from the Federal Communications Act, and the law does not say anything about the power to tell internet providers how they can or cant distribute content. If there is really going to be a net-neutrality mandate, it would have to come from Congress. Net neutrality is the principle that internet providers should make all content available at the same speed. That doesnt mean loading Netflix on a 25-megabits-per-second connection just as quickly as on a 100-megabits-per-second connection; it means treating Netflix and Hulu the same on whichever kind of connection a consumer has. True net neutrality cant be achieved. Multiple factors affect content delivery speeds, and regulations cant ensure across-the-board equality. A start-up streaming service could theoretically match Netflix and Hulu; in practice, however, a start-up cant fix bugs and update software rapidly enough to keep pace. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Net Neutrality: Is It Good Or Bad?" essay for you Create order The regulation is a solution in search of a problem. The internet worked just fine before the Democratic-controlled FCC passed the net-neutrality regulation in 2015, and it will work just fine after the rule is repealed. Thats because internet providers understand that it is in their own interests to maintain a level playing field. Could Comcast, a part-owner of Hulu, artificially slow down Netflix? Sure. But it wouldnt do that because it wouldnt risk losing Netflix users to Verizon. The real threat here is competition between big companies and small ones. Small companies face so much obstacles already that the last thing they need is for larger competitors to be able to buy faster delivery speeds that they the start-ups, cannot afford. So, are there laws to protect them? Will there be laws in future? One can never be sure because small businesses are often overshadowed by large corporations and conglomerates. Sure, they may not generate as much revenue individually as large corporations but theyre vital to the success of our economy. Theres more commerce and trade variety now than in the past. Nearly anything imaginable can be transformed into a small business, and this is what the laws would have to protect. Imagine for a moment a world without the Microsoft as we know today. It is these factors we have to take into consideration. How can competition, which our society needs to grow and flourish, prosper when the small businesses cannot afford to compete in a setting where they were meant to thrive. There are so many apps out there to help the small business owner thrive and grow; do they just cease to exist now? These businesses offer new solutions to real world problems. By imposing a rule whereby,to the victor go the spoils, would be taking power from the entrepreneur. ISPS have to look out for their profits and the small businesses will most likely fall to the wayside because of it. If ISPs have the ability to restrict the speeds of our internet based on the websites or apps that we use, they will be able to charge each website for data prioritization; this prioritization would allow a websites users to have high internet speeds while browsing that site, which would mean that the sites would have to charge us more for consumption. As small business owners, especially those who sell products or services through the internet, you rely heavily on your website to bring in business. Imagine being told by an enterprise like Comcast that in order to allow your users to continue to browse your site at high speeds, you will need to pay a weighty fee for data prioritization. You would of course be unable to make those payments. At the same time, the multi-million-dollar competitors, whether they be Walmart or another supercenter, superstore, or megastore, have almost infinite funds to make sure their website speeds are consistent. This could, in fact, put a small entrepre neur out of business because of how internet traffic affects its bottom line or the crux of their profit margins. Knowing this, many states, Washington, D.C foremost, have started to take measures to ensure that ISPs do not take advantage of the new mandate and make it impossible for small businesses to continue to grow and thrive. Take Washington D.C for example; the state went in direct violation with the FCCs repeal. The States new law states that, The Washington state law prohibits home and mobile Internet providers from blocking or throttling lawful Internet traffic and from charging online services for prioritization. The rules will be enforced by the state attorney general under Washingtons Consumer Protection Act. (cite this) The governors of five states Vermont, Hawaii, Montana, New Jersey, and New York have also issued executive orders to impose net neutrality rules on ISPs that provide Internet service to state government agencies. And while Washington was the first, it was definitely not the last. The governors of five states Vermont, Hawaii, Montana, New Jersey, and New York have also issued executive orders to impose net neutrality rules on ISPs that provide Internet service to state government agencies. Washington however, is the first one whose law applies broadly to all internet service providers. California too is speaking up and their law will be even stricter than Washington with a ban on paid data cap exemptions. Not only are people taking notice, states are as well and that bodes well for the future legal status of net neutrality especially in concerns with the small business that feed the economy and foster change.